Kareem Abdul-Jabbar vs. Chris Duhon Season by Season Comparison

Side by side comparison of each NBA season of Chris Duhon and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, from their rookie seasons to their last year played, in chronological order with awards, stats, championships and playoff performance of their teams every year.

Player comparisons:
Career comparison / Season by season

Who had the better rookie season? Who had best stats in their 10th season? Who won a championship first? These questions and many others, are answered here.

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar played 20 years in the NBA, 11 more than Chris Duhon, who played 9. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar had the first of his seasons in 1969-70, while Chris Duhon had his rookie season in 2004-05. With that starting point, here you can take a look at each of their seasons side by side and compare how their careers evolved in achivements, awards and championships won, the stats they recorded both in the Regular Season and the Playoffs and how their teams performed in the postseason.

Their Careers

Player
Total Seasons Playoffs Played NBA Years
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 20 18 1969-70 to 1988-89
Chris Duhon 9 6 2004-05 to 2012-13

Comparison Season by Season

Jump to season:
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20

Rookie Season

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1969-702004-05
Team Milwaukee BucksChicago Bulls
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
Achievement All-Defensive Second Team-
Achievement Rookie of the Year-
Achievement All-Rookie First Team-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Bucks Lost East Div FinalsBulls Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 82 43.1 28.8 - - 14.5 4.1 - - - 3.5 11.4 22.1 .518 - - - 5.9 9.1 .653
Chris Duhon 82 26.5 5.9 0.3 2.3 2.6 4.9 1.0 0.0 1.5 2.5 2.1 6.0 .352 1.1 3.2 .355 0.6 0.8 .731
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 10 43.5 35.2 - - 16.8 4.1 - - - 2.5 13.9 24.5 .567 - - - 7.4 10.1 .733
Chris Duhon 6 27.2 6.2 1.0 3.3 4.3 3.5 0.3 0.0 2.0 1.0 1.8 6.2 .297 1.0 3.7 .273 1.5 1.8 .818

Season 2

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1970-712005-06
Team Milwaukee BucksChicago Bulls
Honors & Awards Achievement Finals MVP-
Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement All-Defensive Second Team-
Achievement Scoring Leader-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA ChampionBulls Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 82 40.1 31.7 - - 16.0 3.3 - - - 3.2 13.0 22.5 .577 - - - 5.7 8.3 .690
Chris Duhon 74 29.1 8.7 0.4 2.6 3.0 5.0 0.9 0.0 1.6 2.1 2.9 7.3 .400 1.4 3.8 .360 1.6 1.9 .818
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 14 41.2 26.6 - - 17.0 2.5 - - - 3.2 10.9 21.1 .515 - - - 4.9 7.2 .673
Chris Duhon 6 21.8 5.0 0.2 2.5 2.7 2.2 0.3 0.0 0.8 2.2 1.5 4.2 .360 1.2 2.7 .438 0.8 1.0 .833

Season 3

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1971-722006-07
Team Milwaukee BucksChicago Bulls
Honors & Awards Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement Scoring Leader-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Bucks Lost West Conf FinalsBulls Lost East Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 81 44.2 34.8 - - 16.6 4.6 - - - 2.9 14.3 24.9 .574 - - - 6.2 9.0 .689
Chris Duhon 78 24.4 7.2 0.3 1.9 2.2 4.0 0.9 0.1 1.3 1.9 2.5 6.2 .408 1.1 3.1 .359 1.0 1.3 .752
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 11 46.4 28.7 - - 18.2 5.1 - - - 3.2 12.6 28.9 .437 - - - 3.5 4.9 .704
Chris Duhon 9 19.1 3.6 0.3 1.4 1.8 2.3 0.3 0.1 0.8 1.3 1.0 3.4 .290 0.7 2.1 .316 0.9 1.1 .800

Season 4

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1972-732007-08
Team Milwaukee BucksChicago Bulls
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Bucks Lost West Conf SemisDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 76 42.8 30.2 - - 16.1 5.0 - - - 2.7 12.9 23.3 .554 - - - 4.3 6.1 .713
Chris Duhon 66 22.6 5.8 0.3 1.5 1.8 4.0 0.7 0.0 1.1 1.4 2.0 5.2 .387 0.8 2.3 .348 1.0 1.2 .813
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 6 46.0 22.8 - - 16.2 2.8 - - - 4.3 9.8 23.0 .428 - - - 3.2 5.8 .543
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 5

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1973-742008-09
Team Milwaukee BucksNew York Knicks
Honors & Awards Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement All-Defensive First Team-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Bucks Lost NBA FinalsDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 81 43.8 27.0 3.5 11.0 14.5 4.8 1.4 3.5 - 2.9 11.7 21.7 .539 - - - 3.6 5.2 .702
Chris Duhon 79 36.8 11.1 0.6 2.5 3.1 7.2 0.9 0.1 2.8 1.6 3.6 8.6 .421 1.6 4.1 .391 2.3 2.6 .856
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 16 47.4 32.2 4.2 11.6 15.8 4.9 1.3 2.4 - 2.6 14.0 25.1 .557 - - - 4.2 5.7 .736
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 6

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1974-752009-10
Team Milwaukee BucksNew York Knicks
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Defensive First Team-
Achievement Blocks Leader-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Did Not PlayDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 65 42.3 30.0 3.0 11.0 14.0 4.1 1.0 3.3 - 3.2 12.5 24.4 .513 - - - 5.0 6.6 .763
Chris Duhon 67 30.9 7.4 0.4 2.2 2.7 5.6 0.9 0.0 1.6 1.2 2.5 6.7 .373 1.3 3.9 .349 1.0 1.4 .716
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar ------- --- ----------
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 7

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1975-762010-11
Team Los Angeles LakersOrlando Magic
Honors & Awards Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement All-Defensive Second Team-
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement Blocks Leader-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Did Not PlayMagic Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 82 41.2 27.7 3.3 13.5 16.9 5.0 1.5 4.1 - 3.6 11.1 21.1 .529 - - - 5.5 7.8 .703
Chris Duhon 51 15.2 2.5 0.2 0.8 1.0 2.3 0.3 0.0 1.2 0.6 1.0 2.5 .380 0.3 1.0 .250 0.3 0.5 .560
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar ------- --- ----------
Chris Duhon 1 4.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 .500 1.0 2.0 .500 2.0 2.0 1.000

Season 8

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1976-772011-12
Team Los Angeles LakersOrlando Magic
Honors & Awards Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement All-Defensive Second Team-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Lakers Lost West Conf FinalsMagic Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 82 36.8 26.2 3.2 10.0 13.3 3.9 1.2 3.2 - 3.2 10.8 18.7 .579 - - - 4.6 6.5 .701
Chris Duhon 63 19.5 3.8 0.2 1.4 1.6 2.4 0.6 0.1 1.3 1.1 1.3 3.2 .419 0.8 1.9 .420 0.3 0.3 .810
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 11 42.5 34.6 4.6 13.1 17.7 4.1 1.7 3.5 - 3.8 13.4 22.0 .607 - - - 7.9 10.9 .725
Chris Duhon 5 12.2 0.6 0.0 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.0 0.2 1.4 1.0 0.2 1.0 .200 0.2 0.6 .333 0.0 0.4 .000

Season 9

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1977-782012-13
Team Los Angeles LakersLos Angeles Lakers
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
Achievement All-Defensive Second Team-
Playoffs Lakers Lost West Conf 1st RdLakers Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 62 36.5 25.8 3.0 9.9 12.9 4.3 1.7 3.0 3.4 2.9 10.7 19.4 .550 - - - 4.4 5.6 .783
Chris Duhon 46 17.8 2.9 0.2 1.2 1.5 2.9 0.4 0.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 2.7 .382 0.7 2.0 .363 0.1 0.3 .462
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 3 44.7 27.0 4.7 9.0 13.7 3.7 0.7 4.0 4.7 4.7 12.7 24.3 .521 - - - 1.7 3.0 .556
Chris Duhon 2 34.0 5.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 3.5 1.0 0.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 5.5 .364 1.5 4.0 .375 0.0 0.0 -

Season 10

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1978-79-
Team Los Angeles Lakers-
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
Achievement All-Defensive First Team-
Achievement Blocks Leader-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Lakers Lost West Conf Semis-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 80 39.5 23.8 2.6 10.2 12.8 5.4 1.0 4.0 3.5 2.9 9.7 16.8 .577 - - - 4.4 5.9 .736
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 8 45.9 28.5 2.3 10.4 12.6 4.8 1.0 4.1 3.6 3.3 11.0 19.0 .579 - - - 6.5 7.8 .839
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 11

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1979-80-
Team Los Angeles Lakers-
Honors & Awards Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement All-Defensive First Team-
Achievement Blocks Leader-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA Champion-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 82 38.3 24.8 2.3 8.5 10.8 4.5 1.0 3.4 3.6 2.6 10.2 16.9 .604 0.0 0.0 .000 4.4 5.8 .765
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 15 41.2 31.9 3.4 8.7 12.1 3.1 1.1 3.9 3.7 3.4 13.2 23.1 .572 0.0 0.0 - 5.5 7.0 .790
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 12

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1980-81-
Team Los Angeles Lakers-
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement All-Defensive First Team-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Lakers Lost West Conf 1st Rd-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 80 37.2 26.2 2.5 7.8 10.3 3.4 0.7 2.9 3.1 3.1 10.5 18.2 .574 0.0 0.0 .000 5.3 6.9 .766
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 3 44.7 26.7 4.3 12.3 16.7 4.0 1.0 2.7 3.7 4.7 10.0 21.7 .462 0.0 0.0 - 6.7 9.3 .714
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 13

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1981-82-
Team Los Angeles Lakers-
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA Champion-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 76 35.2 23.9 2.3 6.4 8.7 3.0 0.8 2.7 3.0 2.9 9.9 17.1 .579 0.0 0.0 .000 4.1 5.8 .706
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 14 35.2 20.4 2.4 6.1 8.5 3.6 1.0 3.2 2.9 3.2 8.2 15.8 .520 0.0 0.0 - 3.9 6.2 .632
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 14

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1982-83-
Team Los Angeles Lakers-
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Lakers Lost NBA Finals-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 79 32.3 21.8 2.1 5.4 7.5 2.5 0.8 2.2 2.5 2.8 9.1 15.5 .588 0.0 0.0 .000 3.5 4.7 .749
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 15 39.2 27.1 1.7 6.0 7.7 2.8 1.1 3.7 3.3 4.1 10.9 19.1 .568 0.0 0.1 .000 5.3 7.1 .755
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 15

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1983-84-
Team Los Angeles Lakers-
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement All-Defensive Second Team-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Lakers Lost NBA Finals-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 80 32.8 21.5 2.1 5.2 7.3 2.6 0.7 1.8 2.8 2.6 9.0 15.5 .578 0.0 0.0 .000 3.6 4.9 .723
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 21 36.5 23.9 2.7 5.6 8.2 3.8 1.1 2.1 2.1 3.4 9.8 17.7 .555 0.0 0.0 - 4.3 5.7 .750
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 16

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1984-85-
Team Los Angeles Lakers-
Honors & Awards Achievement Finals MVP-
Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA Champion-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 79 33.3 22.0 2.1 5.8 7.9 3.2 0.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 9.2 15.3 .599 0.0 0.0 .000 3.7 5.0 .732
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 19 32.1 21.9 2.6 5.5 8.1 4.0 1.2 1.9 2.7 3.5 8.8 15.8 .560 0.0 0.0 - 4.2 5.4 .777
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 17

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1985-86-
Team Los Angeles Lakers-
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Lakers Lost West Conf Finals-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 79 33.3 23.4 1.7 4.4 6.1 3.5 0.8 1.6 2.6 3.1 9.6 16.9 .564 0.0 0.0 .000 4.3 5.6 .765
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 14 34.9 25.9 1.9 4.1 5.9 3.5 1.1 1.7 3.0 3.9 11.2 20.1 .557 0.0 0.0 - 3.4 4.4 .787
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 18

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1986-87-
Team Los Angeles Lakers-
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA Champion-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 78 31.3 17.5 1.9 4.8 6.7 2.6 0.6 1.2 2.4 3.1 7.2 12.7 .564 0.0 0.0 .333 3.1 4.4 .714
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 18 31.1 19.2 2.2 4.7 6.8 2.0 0.4 1.9 2.2 3.1 6.9 13.0 .530 0.0 0.1 .000 5.4 6.8 .795
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 19

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1987-88-
Team Los Angeles Lakers-
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA Champion-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 80 28.9 14.6 1.5 4.5 6.0 1.7 0.6 1.2 2.0 2.7 6.0 11.3 .532 0.0 0.0 .000 2.6 3.4 .762
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 24 29.9 14.1 2.0 3.4 5.5 1.5 0.6 1.5 1.9 3.4 5.9 12.7 .464 0.0 0.1 .000 2.3 3.0 .789
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------

Season 20

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Chris Duhon
Season 1988-89-
Team Los Angeles Lakers-
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Lakers Lost NBA Finals-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 74 22.9 10.1 1.4 3.1 4.5 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.3 2.6 4.2 8.9 .475 0.0 0.0 .000 1.6 2.2 .739
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 15 23.4 11.1 0.9 3.1 3.9 1.3 0.3 0.7 1.5 2.9 4.5 9.8 .463 0.0 0.0 - 2.1 2.9 .721
Chris Duhon ------- --- ----------