Robert Parish vs. Jack Sikma Season by Season Comparison

Side by side comparison of each NBA season of Jack Sikma and Robert Parish, from their rookie seasons to their last year played, in chronological order with awards, stats, championships and playoff performance of their teams every year.

Player comparisons:
Career comparison / Season by season

Who had the better rookie season? Who had best stats in their 10th season? Who won a championship first? These questions and many others, are answered here.

Robert Parish played 21 years in the NBA, 7 more than Jack Sikma, who played 14. Robert Parish had the first of his seasons in 1976-77, while Jack Sikma had his rookie season in 1977-78. With that starting point, here you can take a look at each of their seasons side by side and compare how their careers evolved in achivements, awards and championships won, the stats they recorded both in the Regular Season and the Playoffs and how their teams performed in the postseason.

Their Careers

Player
Total Seasons Playoffs Played NBA Years
Robert Parish 21 16 1976-77 to 1996-97
Jack Sikma 14 11 1977-78 to 1990-91

Comparison Season by Season

Jump to season:
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21

Rookie Season

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1976-771977-78
Team Golden State WarriorsSeattle Supersonics
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-Rookie First Team
Playoffs Warriors Lost West Conf SemisSupersonics Lost NBA Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 77 18.0 9.1 2.6 4.4 7.1 1.0 0.7 1.2 - 2.9 3.7 7.4 .503 - - - 1.6 2.2 .708
Jack Sikma 82 27.3 10.7 2.4 5.9 8.3 1.6 0.8 0.5 2.3 3.7 4.2 9.2 .455 - - - 2.3 3.0 .777
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 10 23.9 12.1 4.3 6.0 10.3 1.1 0.7 1.1 - 4.2 5.2 10.8 .481 - - - 1.7 2.6 .654
Jack Sikma 22 31.9 13.7 2.3 5.8 8.1 1.2 0.8 0.5 1.6 4.6 5.2 11.2 .466 - - - 3.2 4.1 .780

Season 2

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1977-781978-79
Team Golden State WarriorsSeattle Supersonics
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Did Not PlayNBA Champion NBA Champion
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 82 24.0 12.5 2.6 5.7 8.3 1.2 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.5 5.2 11.1 .472 - - - 2.0 3.2 .625
Jack Sikma 82 36.1 15.6 2.8 9.5 12.4 3.2 1.0 0.8 3.1 3.6 5.8 12.6 .460 - - - 4.0 4.9 .814
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish ------- --- ----------
Jack Sikma 17 38.5 14.9 2.3 9.4 11.7 2.5 0.9 1.4 2.4 4.1 6.0 13.2 .455 - - - 2.8 3.6 .787

Season 3

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1978-791979-80
Team Golden State WarriorsSeattle Supersonics
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Did Not PlaySupersonics Lost West Conf Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 76 31.7 17.2 3.5 8.6 12.1 1.5 1.3 2.9 3.1 4.0 7.3 14.6 .499 - - - 2.6 3.7 .698
Jack Sikma 82 34.1 14.3 2.4 8.7 11.1 3.4 0.8 0.9 2.5 2.8 5.7 12.1 .475 0.0 0.0 .000 2.9 3.6 .805
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish ------- --- ----------
Jack Sikma 15 35.6 11.7 2.0 6.4 8.4 3.7 1.1 0.3 2.3 3.7 4.3 10.9 .399 0.0 0.1 .000 3.1 3.6 .852

Season 4

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1979-801980-81
Team Golden State WarriorsSeattle Supersonics
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Did Not PlayDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 72 29.4 17.0 3.4 7.4 10.9 1.7 0.8 1.6 3.1 3.4 7.1 14.0 .507 0.0 0.0 .000 2.8 3.9 .715
Jack Sikma 82 35.6 18.7 2.2 8.1 10.4 3.0 1.0 1.1 2.5 3.4 7.3 16.0 .454 0.0 0.1 .000 4.1 5.0 .823
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish ------- --- ----------
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------

Season 5

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1980-811981-82
Team Boston CelticsSeattle Supersonics
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-Defensive Second Team
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA ChampionSupersonics Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 82 28.0 18.9 3.0 6.5 9.5 1.8 1.0 2.6 2.3 3.8 7.7 14.2 .545 0.0 0.0 .000 3.4 4.8 .710
Jack Sikma 82 37.2 19.6 2.7 9.9 12.7 3.4 1.2 1.3 2.6 3.3 7.1 14.8 .479 0.0 0.2 .154 5.5 6.4 .855
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 17 28.9 15.0 2.9 5.6 8.6 1.1 1.2 2.3 2.6 4.4 6.4 12.9 .493 0.0 0.0 - 2.3 3.4 .672
Jack Sikma 8 39.4 20.5 2.6 9.5 12.1 3.0 1.1 1.0 2.0 4.3 7.1 16.0 .445 0.0 0.0 - 6.3 7.3 .862

Season 6

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1981-821982-83
Team Boston CelticsSeattle Supersonics
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf FinalsSupersonics Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 80 31.7 19.9 3.6 7.2 10.8 1.8 0.9 2.4 2.8 3.3 8.4 15.4 .542 0.0 0.0 - 3.2 4.4 .710
Jack Sikma 75 34.2 18.2 2.8 8.6 11.4 3.1 1.2 0.9 2.5 3.5 6.5 13.9 .464 0.0 0.1 .000 5.3 6.4 .837
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 12 35.5 21.3 3.6 7.7 11.3 1.5 0.4 4.0 3.3 3.9 8.5 17.4 .488 0.0 0.0 - 4.3 6.3 .680
Jack Sikma 2 37.5 15.0 3.0 10.0 13.0 5.5 1.0 1.0 2.5 3.5 5.5 15.5 .355 0.0 0.5 .000 4.0 6.0 .667

Season 7

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1982-831983-84
Team Boston CelticsSeattle Supersonics
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf SemisSupersonics Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 78 31.5 19.3 3.3 7.3 10.6 1.8 1.0 1.9 2.4 2.8 7.9 14.4 .550 0.0 0.0 .000 3.5 5.0 .698
Jack Sikma 82 36.5 19.1 2.7 8.4 11.1 4.0 1.2 1.1 2.9 3.7 7.0 14.1 .499 0.0 0.0 .000 5.0 5.9 .856
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 7 35.6 14.7 3.0 7.6 10.6 1.3 0.7 1.3 2.4 2.6 6.1 12.7 .483 0.0 0.0 - 2.4 2.9 .850
Jack Sikma 5 38.6 22.0 2.2 8.0 10.2 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.8 4.4 9.8 19.6 .500 0.0 0.2 .000 2.4 2.8 .857

Season 8

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1983-841984-85
Team Boston CelticsSeattle Supersonics
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA ChampionDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 80 35.8 19.0 3.0 7.7 10.7 1.7 0.7 1.5 2.3 3.3 7.8 14.3 .546 0.0 0.0 - 3.4 4.6 .745
Jack Sikma 68 35.3 18.5 2.4 8.2 10.6 4.2 1.2 1.3 2.4 3.5 6.8 13.9 .489 0.0 0.1 .200 4.9 5.8 .852
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 23 37.8 14.9 3.3 7.5 10.8 1.2 1.0 1.8 2.0 4.3 6.0 12.7 .478 0.0 0.0 - 2.8 4.3 .646
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------

Season 9

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1984-851985-86
Team Boston CelticsSeattle Supersonics
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Celtics Lost NBA FinalsDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 79 36.1 17.6 3.3 7.3 10.6 1.6 0.7 1.3 2.4 2.8 7.0 12.9 .542 0.0 0.0 - 3.7 5.0 .743
Jack Sikma 80 34.9 17.1 1.8 7.5 9.4 3.8 1.2 0.9 2.7 3.7 6.4 13.8 .462 0.0 0.2 .000 4.4 5.1 .864
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 21 38.2 17.1 2.7 7.7 10.4 1.5 1.0 1.6 2.4 3.2 6.5 13.1 .493 0.0 0.0 - 4.1 5.3 .784
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------

Season 10

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1985-861986-87
Team Boston CelticsMilwaukee Bucks
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA ChampionBucks Lost East Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 81 31.7 16.1 3.0 6.5 9.5 1.8 0.8 1.4 2.3 2.7 6.5 11.9 .549 0.0 0.0 - 3.0 4.1 .731
Jack Sikma 82 30.9 12.7 2.5 7.5 10.0 2.5 1.1 1.1 2.0 4.0 4.8 10.3 .463 0.0 0.0 .000 3.2 3.8 .847
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 18 32.8 15.0 2.9 5.9 8.8 1.4 0.5 1.7 2.4 2.6 5.9 12.5 .471 0.0 0.0 - 3.2 4.9 .652
Jack Sikma 12 35.5 16.2 2.8 8.1 10.8 1.9 1.3 0.8 1.5 4.7 6.1 12.5 .487 0.0 0.1 .000 4.0 4.1 .980

Season 11

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1986-871987-88
Team Boston CelticsMilwaukee Bucks
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Celtics Lost NBA FinalsBucks Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 80 37.4 17.5 3.2 7.5 10.6 2.2 0.8 1.8 2.4 3.3 7.4 13.2 .556 0.0 0.0 .000 2.8 3.9 .735
Jack Sikma 82 35.6 16.5 2.4 6.3 8.6 3.4 1.1 1.0 1.9 3.9 6.3 12.9 .486 0.0 0.2 .214 3.9 4.2 .922
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 21 35.0 18.0 2.8 6.6 9.4 1.3 0.9 1.7 1.8 3.8 7.1 12.5 .567 0.0 0.0 .000 3.8 4.9 .767
Jack Sikma 5 38.0 19.0 4.8 7.6 12.4 2.6 0.4 0.8 3.0 4.6 7.0 15.2 .461 0.0 0.6 .000 5.0 6.0 .833

Season 12

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1987-881988-89
Team Boston CelticsMilwaukee Bucks
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf FinalsBucks Lost East Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 74 31.2 14.3 2.3 6.1 8.5 1.6 0.7 1.1 2.1 2.7 6.0 10.1 .589 0.0 0.0 .000 2.4 3.3 .734
Jack Sikma 80 32.3 13.4 1.8 6.0 7.8 3.6 1.1 0.8 1.8 3.8 4.5 10.4 .431 1.0 2.7 .380 3.3 3.7 .905
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 17 36.8 14.7 3.0 6.9 9.9 1.2 0.6 1.1 2.2 2.5 5.9 11.1 .532 0.0 0.0 - 2.9 3.6 .820
Jack Sikma 9 33.4 11.7 1.0 4.6 5.6 3.3 0.9 0.4 2.3 4.6 4.1 10.4 .394 0.9 3.1 .286 2.6 3.1 .821

Season 13

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1988-891989-90
Team Boston CelticsMilwaukee Bucks
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Third Team-
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf 1st RdBucks Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 80 35.5 18.6 4.3 8.2 12.5 2.2 1.0 1.5 2.5 2.6 7.5 13.1 .570 0.0 0.0 - 3.7 5.1 .719
Jack Sikma 71 31.7 13.9 1.5 5.4 6.9 3.2 1.1 0.7 2.0 3.4 4.8 11.6 .416 1.0 2.8 .342 3.2 3.7 .885
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 3 37.3 15.7 2.0 6.7 8.7 2.0 1.3 0.7 2.0 1.7 6.7 14.7 .455 0.0 0.0 - 2.3 3.0 .778
Jack Sikma 4 29.3 5.0 0.0 3.5 3.5 1.8 0.5 1.0 3.0 4.8 1.5 5.8 .261 0.5 1.8 .286 1.5 2.0 .750

Season 14

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1989-901990-91
Team Boston CelticsMilwaukee Bucks
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf 1st RdBucks Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 79 30.3 15.7 3.3 6.8 10.1 1.3 0.5 0.9 2.1 2.4 6.4 11.0 .580 0.0 0.0 - 2.9 3.9 .747
Jack Sikma 77 25.2 10.4 1.4 4.3 5.7 1.9 0.8 0.8 1.7 2.8 3.8 9.0 .427 0.6 1.8 .341 2.2 2.6 .843
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 5 34.0 15.8 4.6 5.4 10.0 2.6 1.0 1.4 2.4 4.2 6.2 10.8 .574 0.0 0.0 - 3.4 3.6 .944
Jack Sikma 3 17.0 4.7 1.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 1.7 0.3 1.0 1.3 2.0 5.0 .400 0.3 0.7 .500 0.3 0.7 .500

Season 15

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1990-91-
Team Boston Celtics-
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf Semis-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 81 30.1 14.9 3.3 7.2 10.6 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.9 2.4 6.0 10.0 .598 0.0 0.0 .000 2.9 3.8 .767
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 10 29.6 15.8 3.3 5.9 9.2 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.6 3.4 5.8 9.7 .598 0.0 0.0 - 4.2 6.1 .689
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------

Season 16

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1991-92-
Team Boston Celtics-
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf Semis-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 79 28.9 14.1 2.8 6.2 8.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.7 2.2 5.9 11.1 .535 0.0 0.0 - 2.3 2.9 .772
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 10 33.5 12.0 3.8 5.9 9.7 1.4 0.7 1.5 0.9 2.2 5.0 10.1 .495 0.0 0.0 - 2.0 2.8 .714
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------

Season 17

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1992-93-
Team Boston Celtics-
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf 1st Rd-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 79 27.2 12.6 3.1 6.3 9.4 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.5 2.5 5.3 9.8 .535 0.0 0.0 - 2.1 3.0 .689
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 4 36.5 17.0 3.3 6.3 9.5 1.3 0.3 1.5 1.5 3.5 7.8 14.3 .544 0.0 0.0 - 1.5 1.8 .857
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------

Season 18

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1993-94-
Team Boston Celtics-
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not Play-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 74 26.9 11.7 1.9 5.4 7.3 1.1 0.6 1.3 1.5 2.6 4.8 9.8 .491 0.0 0.0 - 2.1 2.8 .740
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish ------- --- ----------
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------

Season 19

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1994-95-
Team Charlotte Hornets-
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Hornets Lost East Conf 1st Rd-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 81 16.7 4.8 1.1 3.2 4.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.6 2.0 4.6 .427 0.0 0.0 - 0.9 1.2 .703
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 4 17.8 3.5 1.0 1.3 2.3 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.5 2.8 .545 0.0 0.0 - 0.5 1.3 .400
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------

Season 20

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1995-96-
Team Charlotte Hornets-
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not Play-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 74 14.7 3.9 1.2 2.9 4.1 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.6 3.3 .498 0.0 0.0 - 0.7 1.0 .704
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish ------- --- ----------
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------

Season 21

Robert Parish Jack Sikma
Season 1996-97-
Team Chicago Bulls-
Honors & Awards
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA Champion-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 43 9.4 3.7 1.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.6 3.3 .490 0.0 0.0 - 0.5 0.7 .677
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Robert Parish 2 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 1.0 0.5 3.5 .143 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 -
Jack Sikma ------- --- ----------