Kevin McHale vs. Chris Paul Season by Season Comparison

Side by side comparison of each NBA season of Chris Paul and Kevin McHale, from their rookie seasons to their last year played, in chronological order with awards, stats, championships and playoff performance of their teams every year.

Player comparisons:
Career comparison / Season by season

Who had the better rookie season? Who had best stats in their 10th season? Who won a championship first? These questions and many others, are answered here.

Kevin McHale played 13 years in the NBA, 6 less than Chris Paul, who played 19. Kevin McHale had the first of his seasons in 1980-81, while Chris Paul had his rookie season in 2005-06. With that starting point, here you can take a look at each of their seasons side by side and compare how their careers evolved in achivements, awards and championships won, the stats they recorded both in the Regular Season and the Playoffs and how their teams performed in the postseason.

Their Careers

Player
Total Seasons Playoffs Played NBA Years
Kevin McHale 13 13 1980-81 to 1992-93
Chris Paul 19 15 2005-06 to 2023-24

Comparison Season by Season

Rookie Season

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1980-812005-06
Team Boston CelticsNew Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets
Honors & Awards -Achievement Rookie of the Year
Achievement All-Rookie First TeamAchievement All-Rookie First Team
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA ChampionDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 82 20.1 10.0 1.9 2.5 4.4 0.7 0.3 1.8 1.3 3.2 4.3 8.1 .533 0.0 0.0 .000 1.3 1.9 .679
Chris Paul 78 36.0 16.1 0.8 4.3 5.1 7.8 2.2 0.1 2.3 2.8 5.2 12.1 .430 0.6 2.3 .282 5.1 6.0 .847
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 17 17.4 8.5 1.7 1.8 3.5 0.8 0.2 1.5 0.9 3.0 3.6 6.6 .540 0.0 0.0 - 1.4 2.1 .639
Chris Paul ------- --- ----------

Season 2

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1981-822006-07
Team Boston CelticsNew Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf FinalsDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 82 28.4 13.6 2.3 4.5 6.8 1.1 0.4 2.3 1.7 3.2 5.7 10.7 .531 0.0 0.0 - 2.3 3.0 .754
Chris Paul 64 36.8 17.3 0.8 3.5 4.4 8.9 1.8 0.0 2.5 2.4 6.0 13.6 .437 0.8 2.2 .350 4.6 5.6 .818
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 12 28.7 16.2 3.4 3.7 7.1 0.9 0.4 2.3 1.3 3.7 6.4 11.2 .575 0.0 0.0 - 3.3 4.4 .755
Chris Paul ------- --- ----------

Season 3

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1982-832007-08
Team Boston CelticsNew Orleans Hornets
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA First Team
Achievement All-Defensive Second TeamAchievement All-Defensive Second Team
-Achievement Assists Leader
-Achievement Steals Leader
-Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf SemisHornets Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 82 28.6 14.1 2.6 4.1 6.7 1.3 0.4 2.3 1.9 2.9 5.9 10.9 .541 0.0 0.0 .000 2.4 3.3 .717
Chris Paul 80 37.6 21.1 0.8 3.2 4.0 11.6 2.7 0.1 2.5 2.3 7.9 16.1 .488 1.2 3.1 .369 4.2 4.9 .851
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 7 25.3 11.1 2.1 3.9 6.0 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.4 2.3 4.9 8.9 .548 0.0 0.1 .000 1.4 2.6 .556
Chris Paul 12 40.5 24.1 1.3 3.6 4.9 11.3 2.3 0.2 1.8 3.6 9.3 18.4 .502 0.4 1.8 .238 5.2 6.6 .785

Season 4

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1983-842008-09
Team Boston CelticsNew Orleans Hornets
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Second Team
-Achievement All-Defensive First Team
Achievement Sixth Man of the Year-
-Achievement Assists Leader
-Achievement Steals Leader
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA ChampionHornets Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 82 31.4 18.4 2.5 4.9 7.4 1.3 0.3 1.5 1.8 3.0 7.2 12.9 .556 0.0 0.0 .333 4.1 5.4 .765
Chris Paul 78 38.5 22.8 0.9 4.7 5.5 11.0 2.8 0.1 3.0 2.7 8.1 16.1 .503 0.8 2.3 .364 5.8 6.7 .868
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 23 30.5 14.8 2.7 3.5 6.2 1.2 0.1 1.5 1.7 3.3 5.3 10.6 .504 0.0 0.1 .000 4.1 5.3 .777
Chris Paul 5 40.2 16.6 0.8 3.6 4.4 10.4 1.6 0.0 4.8 1.6 6.0 14.6 .411 1.0 3.2 .313 3.6 4.2 .857

Season 5

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1984-852009-10
Team Boston CelticsNew Orleans Hornets
Honors & Awards Achievement Sixth Man of the Year-
-Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Celtics Lost NBA FinalsDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 79 33.6 19.8 2.9 6.1 9.0 1.8 0.4 1.5 2.0 3.0 7.7 13.4 .570 0.0 0.1 .000 4.5 5.9 .760
Chris Paul 45 38.0 18.7 0.4 3.8 4.2 10.7 2.1 0.2 2.5 2.6 7.0 14.2 .493 1.2 2.8 .409 3.6 4.2 .847
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 21 39.9 22.1 3.5 6.4 9.9 1.5 0.6 2.2 2.9 3.5 8.2 14.4 .568 0.0 0.0 - 5.8 7.1 .807
Chris Paul ------- --- ----------

Season 6

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1985-862010-11
Team Boston CelticsNew Orleans Hornets
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Third Team
Achievement All-Defensive First Team-
-Achievement All-Defensive Second Team
-Achievement Steals Leader
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA ChampionHornets Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 68 35.3 21.3 2.5 5.6 8.1 2.7 0.4 2.0 2.2 2.8 8.3 14.4 .574 0.0 0.0 - 4.8 6.2 .776
Chris Paul 80 36.0 15.9 0.5 3.6 4.1 9.8 2.4 0.1 2.2 2.5 5.4 11.6 .463 0.9 2.3 .388 4.2 4.8 .878
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 18 39.7 24.9 2.8 5.8 8.6 2.7 0.4 2.4 2.7 3.6 9.3 16.1 .579 0.0 0.1 .000 6.2 7.8 .794
Chris Paul 6 41.7 22.0 0.5 6.2 6.7 11.5 1.8 0.0 3.7 1.8 7.0 12.8 .545 1.5 3.2 .474 6.5 8.2 .796

Season 7

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1986-872011-12
Team Boston CelticsLos Angeles Clippers
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA First TeamAchievement All-NBA First Team
Achievement All-Defensive First TeamAchievement All-Defensive First Team
-Achievement Steals Leader
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Celtics Lost NBA FinalsClippers Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 77 39.7 26.1 3.2 6.7 9.9 2.6 0.5 2.2 2.6 3.1 10.3 17.0 .604 0.0 0.1 .000 5.6 6.6 .836
Chris Paul 60 36.4 19.8 0.7 2.9 3.6 9.1 2.5 0.1 2.1 2.3 7.1 14.8 .478 1.3 3.6 .371 4.3 5.0 .861
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 21 39.4 21.1 3.1 6.1 9.2 1.9 0.3 1.4 2.6 3.4 8.3 14.2 .584 0.0 0.0 - 4.6 6.0 .762
Chris Paul 11 38.5 17.6 0.5 4.5 5.1 7.9 2.7 0.1 3.9 2.7 6.4 14.9 .427 1.2 3.5 .333 3.7 4.3 .872

Season 8

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1987-882012-13
Team Boston CelticsLos Angeles Clippers
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA First Team
Achievement All-Defensive First TeamAchievement All-Defensive First Team
-Achievement Steals Leader
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
-Achievement All-Star Game NVP
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf FinalsClippers Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 64 37.3 22.6 2.5 5.9 8.4 2.7 0.4 1.4 2.2 2.8 8.6 14.2 .604 0.0 0.0 - 5.4 6.8 .797
Chris Paul 70 33.4 16.9 0.8 3.0 3.7 9.7 2.4 0.1 2.3 2.0 5.9 12.2 .481 1.1 3.3 .328 4.1 4.6 .885
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 17 42.1 25.4 3.2 4.8 8.0 2.4 0.4 1.8 2.3 3.8 9.3 15.4 .603 0.1 0.1 1.000 6.8 8.1 .839
Chris Paul 6 37.3 22.8 0.5 3.5 4.0 6.3 1.8 0.0 1.5 2.8 8.2 15.3 .533 1.0 3.2 .316 5.5 6.2 .892

Season 9

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1988-892013-14
Team Boston CelticsLos Angeles Clippers
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA First Team
-Achievement All-Defensive First Team
Achievement All-Defensive Second Team-
-Achievement Assists Leader
-Achievement Steals Leader
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf 1st RdClippers Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 78 36.9 22.5 2.9 5.3 8.2 2.2 0.3 1.2 2.5 2.9 8.5 15.5 .546 0.0 0.1 .000 5.6 6.8 .818
Chris Paul 62 35.0 19.1 0.6 3.7 4.3 10.7 2.5 0.1 2.3 2.5 6.5 14.0 .467 1.3 3.4 .368 4.8 5.6 .855
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 3 38.3 19.0 2.3 5.7 8.0 3.0 0.3 0.7 1.3 4.3 6.7 13.7 .488 0.0 0.0 - 5.7 7.7 .739
Chris Paul 13 36.3 19.8 0.9 3.3 4.2 10.3 2.8 0.0 3.0 3.8 7.1 15.2 .467 2.5 5.4 .457 3.2 4.1 .774

Season 10

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1989-902014-15
Team Boston CelticsLos Angeles Clippers
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Second Team
-Achievement All-Defensive First Team
Achievement All-Defensive Second Team-
-Achievement Assists Leader
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf 1st RdClippers Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 82 33.2 20.9 2.5 5.8 8.3 2.1 0.4 1.9 2.2 3.0 7.9 14.4 .549 0.3 0.8 .333 4.8 5.4 .893
Chris Paul 82 34.8 19.1 0.6 4.0 4.6 10.2 1.9 0.2 2.3 2.5 6.9 14.3 .485 1.7 4.3 .398 3.5 3.9 .900
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 5 38.4 22.0 1.6 6.2 7.8 2.6 0.4 2.0 2.8 3.4 8.4 13.8 .609 0.2 0.6 .333 5.0 5.8 .862
Chris Paul 12 37.1 22.1 0.6 3.8 4.4 8.8 1.8 0.3 2.2 3.1 7.9 15.8 .503 2.3 5.4 .415 4.0 4.3 .941

Season 11

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1990-912015-16
Team Boston CelticsLos Angeles Clippers
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Second Team
-Achievement All-Defensive First Team
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf SemisClippers Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 68 30.4 18.4 2.1 4.9 7.1 1.9 0.4 2.1 2.1 2.9 7.4 13.4 .553 0.2 0.5 .405 3.4 4.0 .829
Chris Paul 74 32.7 19.5 0.5 3.7 4.2 10.0 2.1 0.2 2.6 2.5 7.0 15.1 .462 1.6 4.4 .371 4.0 4.4 .896
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 11 34.2 20.7 1.6 4.9 6.5 1.8 0.5 1.3 1.3 3.8 7.1 13.5 .527 0.5 1.0 .545 6.0 7.3 .825
Chris Paul 4 31.3 23.8 1.0 3.0 4.0 7.3 2.3 0.0 1.0 3.0 9.3 19.0 .487 1.5 5.0 .300 3.8 3.8 1.000

Season 12

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1991-922016-17
Team Boston CelticsLos Angeles Clippers
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-Defensive First Team
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf SemisClippers Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 56 25.0 13.9 2.1 3.8 5.9 1.5 0.2 1.1 1.5 2.0 5.8 11.3 .509 0.0 0.2 .000 2.4 2.9 .822
Chris Paul 61 31.5 18.1 0.7 4.3 5.0 9.2 2.0 0.1 2.4 2.4 6.1 12.9 .476 2.0 5.0 .411 3.8 4.3 .892
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 10 30.6 16.5 2.1 4.6 6.7 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.9 3.4 6.5 12.6 .516 0.0 0.1 .000 3.5 4.4 .795
Chris Paul 7 37.1 25.3 0.6 4.4 5.0 9.9 1.7 0.1 2.7 3.4 9.6 19.3 .496 2.0 5.4 .368 4.1 4.7 .879

Season 13

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season 1992-932017-18
Team Boston CelticsHouston Rockets
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf 1st RdRockets Lost West Conf Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 71 23.3 10.7 1.3 3.7 5.0 1.0 0.2 0.8 1.3 1.8 4.2 9.1 .459 0.0 0.3 .111 2.3 2.7 .841
Chris Paul 58 31.8 18.6 0.6 4.8 5.4 7.9 1.7 0.2 2.2 2.4 6.3 13.8 .460 2.5 6.5 .380 3.5 3.8 .919
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale 4 28.3 19.0 2.3 5.0 7.3 0.8 0.5 1.8 1.3 1.5 8.0 13.8 .582 0.0 0.0 - 3.0 3.5 .857
Chris Paul 15 34.5 21.1 0.6 5.3 5.9 5.8 2.0 0.3 1.9 3.1 7.9 17.1 .459 2.5 6.6 .374 2.9 3.5 .830

Season 14

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season -2018-19
Team -Houston Rockets
Honors & Awards
Playoffs -Rockets Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul 58 32.0 15.6 0.6 3.9 4.6 8.2 2.0 0.3 2.6 2.5 5.2 12.4 .419 2.2 6.1 .358 3.0 3.5 .862
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul 11 36.1 17.0 1.3 5.1 6.4 5.5 2.2 0.6 3.4 3.3 6.0 13.5 .446 1.5 5.7 .270 3.5 4.1 .844

Season 15

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season -2019-20
Team -Oklahoma City Thunder
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Second Team
-Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs -Thunder Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul 70 31.5 17.6 0.4 4.6 5.0 6.7 1.6 0.2 2.3 2.3 6.2 12.7 .489 1.6 4.3 .365 3.6 4.0 .907
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul 7 37.3 21.3 0.4 7.0 7.4 5.3 1.6 0.4 3.3 2.6 7.9 16.0 .491 2.3 6.1 .372 3.3 3.7 .885

Season 16

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season -2020-21
Team -Phoenix Suns
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Second Team
-Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs -Suns Lost NBA Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul 70 31.4 16.4 0.4 4.1 4.5 8.9 1.4 0.3 2.2 2.4 6.3 12.6 .499 1.5 3.7 .395 2.4 2.6 .934
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul 20 34.2 19.2 0.5 3.1 3.5 8.6 1.2 0.2 2.2 2.4 7.5 15.0 .497 1.5 3.3 .446 2.9 3.3 .877

Season 17

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season -2021-22
Team -Phoenix Suns
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Third Team
-Achievement Assists Leader
-Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs -Suns Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul 65 32.9 14.7 0.3 4.0 4.4 10.8 1.9 0.3 2.4 2.1 5.6 11.3 .493 1.0 3.1 .317 2.6 3.1 .837
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul 13 34.5 17.5 0.5 3.6 4.2 8.3 1.5 0.2 2.4 3.1 6.7 11.9 .561 1.5 3.8 .388 2.7 2.8 .946

Season 18

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season -2022-23
Team -Phoenix Suns
Honors & Awards
Playoffs -Suns Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul 59 32.0 13.9 0.5 3.8 4.3 8.9 1.5 0.4 1.9 2.1 5.0 11.3 .440 1.7 4.4 .375 2.3 2.7 .831
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul 7 35.7 12.4 0.7 4.3 5.0 7.4 1.7 0.7 1.0 2.3 5.4 13.0 .418 1.3 4.0 .321 0.3 0.6 .500

Season 19

Kevin McHale Chris Paul
Season -2023-24
Team -Golden State Warriors
Honors & Awards
Playoffs -Did Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul 58 26.4 9.2 0.3 3.6 3.9 6.8 1.2 0.1 1.3 1.9 3.6 8.1 .441 1.3 3.6 .371 0.7 0.9 .827
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Kevin McHale ------- --- ----------
Chris Paul ------- --- ----------